Among roads, avenues, streets, lanes, alleys, paths, boulevards, squares, open spaces, stairs, sidewalks, nooks, yards, small squares, bridges and neighborhoods, hundreds of place names of protagonists of the Estado Novo remain in the public space, according to the database of CTT -- Correios de Portugal provided to the Lusa agency, although Humberto Delgado or Aristides de Sousa Mendes also remain as symbols of resistance in the dictatorship.

Surviving the initiative to erase the ideology and memories of 48 years of dictatorship, after April 25, 1974, at least 17 streets keep the name of António de Oliveira Salazar, who governed between 1932 and 1968, first as Minister of Finance and then as President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister).

In Santa Comba Dão, district of Viseu, the dictator who was born in the former parish of Vimieiro gives his name to an avenue (and his surname to the school), in Armamar, in the same district, he stands out with another avenue, square and alley, in Castelo Branco and Leiria, with two streets, and Ansião (Leiria), Cadaval (Lisbon), Carregal do Sal and Penodono (Viseu), Odemira (Beja), Santo Tirso (Porto), Tomar (Santarém), Vila Flor (Bragança), Vila Nova de Gaia (Porto), mostly with one street each.

Marcelo Caetano, the last Prime Minister of the Estado Novo, who surrendered at the Carmo Barracks in the "Carnation Revolution", succeeded Salazar, with 16 plaques, of four streets in Pombal, in different places or parishes, and an alley in Peniche, in the district of Leiria, two streets and a square in Cadaval, an avenue and a square in Maia (Porto), a square in Arganil (Coimbra), an alley in Penalva do Castelo (Viseu), and streets in Rio Maior and Tomar (Santarém) and Cascais and Sintra (Lisbon).

The last President of the Republic of the Estado Novo, Américo Tomás, an admiral nicknamed by the people as "ribbon-cutter", gives his name to an avenue in Covilhã (Castelo Branco), and streets in Celorico da Beira (Guarda), Ferreira do Zêzere (Santarém), and Cadaval and Loures (Lisbon).

Marshal Francisco Craveiro Lopes, President of the Republic between 1951 and 1958, appears in 16 plaques of two streets in Loures and in Odivelas (Lisbon), avenues in Vendas Novas (Évora), Cascais and Lisbon, and a street in Almeirim, Santarém, Bragança, Castelo Branco, Mirandela (Bragança), Peniche, Ponte de Sor (Portalegre), Santa Maria da Feira (Aveiro) and Vila Nova de Gaia.

General Óscar Carmona, head of state between 1926 and 1951, has 41 toponymic references, from avenues in Cascais (two and one street), in Chaves (Vila Real), Santa Comba Dão, Tabuaço (Viseu) and Vila Flor, and streets also in the districts of Aveiro, Beja, Bragança, Castelo Branco, Faro, Leiria, Lisbon, Porto, Santarém and Viseu.

Carmona also gives his name to squares in Alcanena and Entroncamento (Santarém), Castelo Branco and Felgueiras (Porto), to open spaces in Anadia (Aveiro), Fronteira (Portalegre), Leiria and Odivelas, and a bridge in Vila Franca de Xira (Lisbon).

Marshal Gomes da Costa, a monarchist who was President of the Republic in 1926, deposed by a coup led by Carmona, has 35 place names, and Carrazeda de Ansiães (Bragança) leads in number, with two streets and an alley, followed by Almeirim with two streets, or Nisa (Portalegre) and Portimão (Faro) with one street and one alley each.

The marshal's name is also present in avenues in Oeiras, Lisbon, Matosinhos, Vila Nova de Gaia and Porto, as well as in streets in Horta (Azores) and municipalities in the districts of Beja, Braga, Beja, Coimbra, Évora, Guarda, Leiria, Lisbon, Portalegre, Viseu, Santarém or Setúbal.

The writer and journalist António Ferro gives his name to a street and a small square in Cascais, to streets in Amadora (Lisbon), Matosinhos, Portalegre and Portimão and a small square in Oeiras.

At least 72 place names in the districts of Aveiro, Beja, Bragança, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Évora, Faro, Leiria, Lisbon, Porto, Santarém, Setúbal, Viana do Castelo and Vila Real have the name of Duarte Pacheco, an engineer who was Minister of Public Works and responsible for projects such as Lisbon airport and the Ponte Salazar, renamed Ponte 25 de Abril, which connects Lisbon to Almada.

The Portuguese consul in France Aristides de Sousa Mendes, who granted visas to Jews, who were fleeing the Nazi German army, in the Second World War, against Salazar's wishes, has 63 place names in the districts of Aveiro, Beja, Braga, Bragança. Coimbra, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisbon, Porto, Santarém, Setúbal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu.

General Humberto Delgado, who tried to overthrow the Salazar regime through elections, has 448 place names, with Sintra standing out, with 17 plaques in four avenues, nine streets, two small squares and two alleys, in different places or parishes, followed by Loures, with 16, of which 12 are streets, two are open spaces and one is a square.

In addition to the toponymy, figures of the Estado Novo are also present in the statuary or in the Duarte Pacheco bridge and viaduct, in Penafiel and Lisbon, respectively.

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