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25th of April. The success of the democratization of education
The illiteracy rate dropped by more than 22 percentage points in five decades and the percentage of people with higher education increased by 19, the democratization of education is one of the successes of the April revolution.
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País Educação
If in 1970, 1.8 million people (64% of whom were women) were illiterate, which represented one in four Portuguese, in 2021, their number rose to 293 thousand. The illiteracy rate dropped from 25.7% to 3.1%.
"Roughly speaking, until the 1970s, children did not attend beyond the 4 years of primary school, the current 1st cycle, but with the increase in compulsory schooling, access to education became widespread (...), currently, with the exception of secondary school, more than 90% of children attend the different cycles of education", according to Pordata.
In preschool attendance (3-5 years old) there was an increase of 85 percentage points (from 8% to 93%), while the 1st cycle (6-9), naturally, registered the smallest increase in 50 years (from 85% to 100).
In the remaining levels of education below higher education, 2nd cycle (10-11), 3rd cycle (12/14 years old) and secondary (15-17), the growth in the number of students was 65 percentage points, 76 and 83, respectively.
In higher education, in 2023, there were five times more students than in 1978 (446 thousand versus 82 thousand) and if in 1970 those who had higher education did not represent 1% of the population, the 2021 Census registered 20% of the population with this level of education.
The percentage of students by gender also changed between 1978 and 2023, with men decreasing (58 to 46%) and women increasing (42 and 54%).
In addition, 95% of students attended public higher education institutions, a percentage that decreased to 81% in 2023. In the same period, private students increased from 5% to 19%.
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